Bluetooth laser virtual keyboard

Bluetooth laser virtual keyboard

In this world of virtual reality of almost everything, we see things which are far away from us in front of us without moving an inch. So sit comfortably and use this virtual keyboard without using keyboards anymore. This is not any kind of prank gadget. A laser projected keyboard is really here. The device projects a laser keyboard on any flat surface, and you can then use it like a normal keyboard. Every keystroke is even accompanied by the sound of a key-hit as in a traditional keyboard. Available for around $150 (Rs. 7,752).

A projection keyboard is a virtual keyboard that can be projected and touched on any surface. The keyboard watches finger movements and translates them into keystrokes in the device.

How a projection keyboard generally works:

1.     A laser or beamer projects visible virtual keyboard onto level surface

2.     A sensor or camera in the projector picks up finger movement

3.     detected co-ordinates determine actions or characters to be generated

An optical virtual keyboard was invented and patented by IBM engineers in 1992. It optically detects and analyses human hand and finger motions and interprets them as operations on a physically non-existent input device like a surface having painted or projected keys. In that way it allows to emulate unlimited types of manually operated input devices (mouse, keyboard, etc.). All mechanical input units can be replaced by such virtual devices, optimized for the current application and for the user's physiology maintaining speed, simplicity and unambiguity of manual data input.

Bio Blocks to save our precious water

I had been to PVR cinema to watch a movie and I went to washroom for urinals, there I observer written note above the urinals with heading as Bio Blocks. I got curios to complete the whole paragraph written about how they are saving water! So I thought I should share it with all to spread the awareness to maximize the usage.

Imagine a situation where we use 101,000 litres of water per urinal per year. Flushing once takes normally 3 to 4 litres of water. If each person has to use the urinal three times a day, water usage is approximately 12 litres per person per day. If 25 people use a urinal for a year, the estimated freshwater usage is 101,000 litres per year.

Biological (Bio) Urinal Blocks have been specially formulated by using selected strains of bacteria specifically chosen for their ability to work in a chosen area to reduce odour problems and blockages in urinals and to be less environmentally damaging than conventional pDCB Urinal Blocks (Pineapple Chunks). Each Bio Block also contains powerful biological cleaning agents, which are proven to maintain clear, odour free, urinal traps and pipe work. 


Microbes in the bio blocks digest organic urine crystals rapidly, thereby keeping urinal drain lines running freely. We can save tons of water using these soluble bio urinal blocks by eliminating urinal flushing.

Bio Blocks

This cleaner contains micro-organisms and free enzymes that produce an enzymatic activity to degrade organic matter and uric salts, and acts as a bacterial booster to bio blocks. It works by degrading organic soiling to completely eradicate stains and odours. Its utility is visible on porous washroom surfaces such as flooring materials and tile grouting, and especially around urinals and toilets where soiling has been absorbed below the surface. It removes calcium deposits on toilet bowls, sinks, showers, taps and fittings.

pDCB Urinals Blocks

Because Bio Blocks do not contain Para dichlorobenzene they are safer to use and store than conventional pDCB blocks. Unlike traditional urinal blocks, bio blocks do not contain pDCB, recognized as being both carcinogenic and a water-pollutant. Bio Blocks are suitable for use in all types of urinals, stainless steel, porcelain and ceramic troughs. Besides, the bacteria contained in this product are non-pathogenic and are on the US TSCA inventory and Canadian DSL lists. Bio Blocks should be used in toilets & washrooms with a history of odour problems and slow running outlets as they will improve flow rates and reduce the odours.

It is not only cost-efficient but also saves money by reducing the frequency of urinal flushing because they dispense cleaning agents and enzymes into the pipelines each time the urinal is used or flushed. They are perfumed to provide a pleasant fragrance in the washroom. So I ask all to put the step forward to use this to save water efficiently. I would be happy to know whether this article is useful to reader and like to get any suggestions.

Computer and its history

Computer definition

The word computer is derived from the word compute. “A computer is an electronic device, which takes input from the user in the form of data and instructions, process it and generates some output and displays it to the user. The output may be of any type of data, such as text, numerals, audio, video, and image”.

Functions:

Input: Sending the data and command to the computer.

Processing: work done by the computer with the help of processing hardware and software to produce results.

Output: The result displayed by the computer.

Storage: A place to save result inside or outside the computer.

Functional units of computer

History of computer

Early days of computer were sown 3500 years ago when a huge stone carved structure spread in a circle pattern over the huge ground was used to perform astronomical calculation by considering the position of sun rays. This stone-curved structure is known as Neolithic computer and the mode of calculation is known as Stonehenge calculation. The Neolithic computer is the oldest computer found till date. The concept of computer in the medieval time was limited to a machine by which some calculation could be carried out.

Stonehenge

From here computer has evolved.

Abacus

It may be termed as a sort of ancient computer and were generally used for numerical calculations and still it is widely used by merchants in Asia and Africa continent. Abacus is also very popular among children in many parts of the world, as it helps them to learn basics of calculations. It comes in different forms, size, colors and constructions.

Abacus

Let’s see about two pioneers who laid the foundation of computer science.

Blaise Pascal

In 1642, French mathematician Blaise Pascal invented a machine, which he named Numerical Wheel Calculator. At that time Blaise Pascal was just 18 years old. Later, it became popular as Pascaline. Few years later in 1673, German mathematician Gottfried Leibniz invented a mechanical calculating machine that multiplies, divides, adds, and subtracts faster than Pascaline.

Blaise Pascal

Pascaline 

Charles Babbage

The real beginning of computers as we know them today started with the efforts of English mathematics professor Charles Babbage. In 1821, he invented a machine known as Difference Engine to perform not only mathematical tasks but also any type of calculation. Soon, he began work on the new machine, and in 1856 he succeeded in developing it. The new machine was named Analytical Engine. Due to his contribution in the field of computers, Charles Babbage is also known as father of computers.

Charles Babbage

Difference Engine

ENIAC & EDVAC

Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator (ENIAC) was the 1^st electronic computer. Two American scientists, John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly, jointly developed ENIAC on February 19, 1946. Impressed by their invention, American Government decided to use it. It could do 5000 additions or subtraction and 360 multiplications in just 1 second. It was big in size as compared to today’s computers. It was 80 feet long, weight 30 tones and consumed lot of electricity. 

It was very expensive and beyond the reach of common man. It was used to calculate the trajectories of bombs and shells. However, it can also be reset to perform other calculations by changing the connections attached to it. ENIAC had short memory and its components need a manual reset of wiring for performing different calculations.

ENIAC

John Von Neumann proposed a new concept of storing information in a large internal memory that overcomes the disadvantages of ENIAC and is also known as the stored program concept. Based on this concept a new computer came in to market, and called Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC).

                                      Von Neumann architecture

IBM Personal Computer

The first Personal Computer (PC) developed in 1981 by the International Business Machine (IBM) company and it became the most popular type of computer. Now we are in 5th generation of computers.

4G Technology

4G technology is the fourth level of wireless technology available from wireless cellular carriers that utilizes ultra mobile broadband. The first generation of wireless technology available, 1G, refers to the analog signal used by cellular towers. 2G technology upgraded the analog signal to digital and allowed the inclusion of sending text messages across the network. 3G technology made use of electromagnetic wavelengths, known as spectrum, to broadcast a wireless broadband signal that allowed users to access the Internet and download applications using a 3G data card or a handheld mobile device such as a Blackberry or iPhone. This technology upgrades further to faster information transfer times, heightened security and greater information exchange abilities.

Ultra mobile broadband refers to the rate of data transmission available on the wireless network. 4G technology may provide data transmission rates between 100Mbps and 1Gbps. For comparison, 3G networks offer data transmission speeds averaging around 200kbps. Network connections on 4G may also be more accurate during travel when user and tower locations are at a constant rate of change—for example, when a user is traveling in a car and signals transfer between towers. This faster, more accurate connection likely can enable the transmission of larger packets of data than 3G networks. Users may be able to access increasingly information-heavy applications, such as HD television signals and real time audio during video chat.

4G wireless service may include modems, netbooks and cell phones. Mobile hotspots may offer wireless connections for multiple devices, including computers, netbooks, handheld gaming systems, and mobile phones; with this technology, users may be able to simultaneously download large applications to each device as well. A 4G netbook could operate similarly to a laptop, but with smaller memory and fewer drives; it may offer instant Internet access, downloading, and real-time Web chatting.

This technology may provide a new wave in downloading capabilities for consumers regardless of which device they choose. Developers have established certain standards for the high performance capabilities of the 4G network; this service may be difficult to provide on existing cellular towers, however, as the number of users increases. Data transmission slows naturally when there is a large ratio of users to local towers. The United States Congress, with the implementation of digital television, increased available spectrum bandwidth, boosting the networks’ transmission capacity, but such technological improvements may not be enough for a full transition to this technology.